What are the main symptoms of IgA nephropathy?

The most common symptom of IgA nephropathy proteinuria and hematuria. Hematuria is divided into microscopic hematuria and gross hematuria, microscopic hematuria refers to the red blood cells is detected only through a microscope observation or chemical hematuria, gross hematuria is visible to the naked eye, dark urine.
Hematuria
Most of the time, microscopic hematuria does not look like blood red, and usually was brown and pungent taste. When the red blood cells in urine leukocyte excess, usually on behalf of the glomerular emergence of inflammation.
Microscopic hematuria may be watered down by the water looks like dehydration. However, the body's water shortage in the case of urine is dark yellow or orange, and microscopic hematuria partial dark green or light black. Transparent plastic cups can be more clearly distinguish microscopic hematuria and the color of dehydrated urine.
Although gross hematuria seem very serious, but patients often earlier than patients with microscopic hematuria discovered disease. Patients should be subject to regular testing, after the detection cycle gradually lengthened. Some initially has no symptoms of gross hematuria in patients may also have at least one gross hematuria incidence. Hematuria occurred, often due to respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, vigorous exercise, or vaccination, may also cause hematuria.
Hematuria, to pay attention to drink pure water to prevent the formation of blood clots cause pain. Hematuria onset of symptoms, the patient will feel very unwell. Symptom duration varies from person to person, most of them will continue for several days.
A small number of patients with pure hematuria continued. Such patients should avoid fish oil or other clotting effect of Pharmacy (including aspirin), because it will aggravate the bleeding.
Proteinuria
Proteinuria refers to the case of protein leakage into the urine. The vascular wall of the glomerular filtration rate, but the inflammation so that the filter relaxation of the vascular wall, resulting in macromolecular outflow. Glomerular charge under normal circumstances, a filter, because the basement membrane is negatively charged, while suffering from IgA nephropathy, because the release of inflammatory cells with the positively charged enzyme and the negative charge of the basement membrane, vessel wall will not be able to prevent negatively charged protein outflow.
To flush out some protein (less than 150mg / d or 0.15g / d) is normal, but beyond this value there will be problems. Proteinuria is usually as severe (greater than 3000mg / d), moderate (1000-2900mg / d) and minor (less than three levels of 1000mg / d). Some patients with IgA nephropathy, especially children, are usually mild to moderate proteinuria.
Proteinuria can be divided into "selective proteinuria (smaller molecular weight protein-based) and non-selective proteinuria (including a variety of molecular weight proteins). Generally speaking, the selectivity of proteinuria in patients, especially patients with albumin relative to single One of predictability is stronger than than the non-selective proteinuria.
One kind of hematuria, proteinuria often aggravate the disease onset, respiratory diseases, other diseases or mental stress may aggravate proteinuria symptoms.
If, during the development of IgA nephropathy, protein loss continues to be maintained at a heavier level of words, and may lead to poor prognosis. Heavy proteinuria often lead to high blood pressure sicker when protein loss excessive (more than 3g / d), may lead to nephrotic syndrome, the symptoms include edema, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and muscle atrophy. If left untreated, a huge loss of immunoglobulins, hormones, and specific proteins will lead to malnutrition and bone demineralization, and aggravate infectious diseases likely to get sick.